Engineering quick reference
Material Properties Quick Reference
Typical room-temperature mechanical, physical, and machining data for the 26 materials in this reference.
Strength vs. density — all 26 materials, plotted from the table below
Key: UTS = ultimate tensile strength · ρ = density · E = elastic modulus · CTE = thermal expansion · Mach. = relative machinability index (family-specific scales; compare within a family only)
| Alloy | Family | UTS ksi | Yield ksi | Hardness | ρ lb/in³ | E Mpsi | CTE µin/°F | Mach. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metals · 23 | ||||||||
| 2024-T3 | Aerospace aluminum (Cu-Mg) | 68 | 47 | HRB 75 | 0.100 | 10.6 | 12.9 | 80 |
| 7075-T6 | Aerospace aluminum (Zn-Mg-Cu) | 83 | 73 | HRB 87 | 0.102 | 10.4 | 13.1 | 70 |
| 6061-T6 | Aluminum (Mg-Si) | 45 | 40 | HRB 60 | 0.098 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 90 |
| 304 Stainless | Austenitic stainless | 75 | 30 | HRB 70 | 0.289 | 28.0 | 9.6 | 50 |
| 316L Stainless | Austenitic stainless | 84 | 42 | HRB 79 | 0.289 | 28.0 | 8.9 | 45 |
| MIC-6 | Cast aluminum tooling plate (Al-Si) | 24 | 15 | Brinell 65 HB | 0.101 | 10.4 | 12.8 | 90 |
| A2 Tool Steel | Cold-work tool steel | 290 | 276 | HRC 60-62 (HT) | 0.284 | 30.0 | 5.9 | 70 |
| D2 Tool Steel | Cold-work tool steel | 290 | 276 | HRC 60-62 (HT) | 0.278 | 30.0 | 5.9 | 50 |
| BeCu C172 | Cu-Be alloy (precipitation hardening) | 190 | 160 | HRC 40 (HT) | 0.302 | 19.0 | 9.9 | 40 |
| Brass C360 | Free-machining brass (Cu-Zn-Pb) | 60 | 45 | HRB 78 | 0.307 | 14.1 | 11.4 | 100 |
| H13 Tool Steel | Hot-work tool steel | 247 | 210 | HRC 44-50 (HT) | 0.282 | 30.0 | 5.8 | 75 |
| C932 Bronze | Leaded tin bronze | 35 | 18 | 65 HB | 0.322 | 14.5 | 10.0 | 70 |
| 4130 Chromoly | Low-alloy steel | 97 | 63 | HRB 92 (normalized) | 0.284 | 29.0 | 6.8 | 70 |
| 4140 Steel | Low-alloy steel | 138 | 125 | HRC 28-32 (Q&T) | 0.284 | 29.0 | 6.8 | 65 |
| Magnesium AZ31 | Mg-Al-Zn alloy | 41 | 29 | 73 HB | 0.064 | 6.5 | 14.4 | 100 |
| Inconel 718 | Ni-Cr-Fe-Nb superalloy | 200 | 150 | HRC 36-44 (aged) | 0.296 | 29.0 | 7.2 | 12 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | Nickel superalloy (corrosion grade) | 115 | 52 | HRB 90 | 0.321 | 29.7 | 6.2 | 18 |
| Monel 400 | Nickel-copper alloy | 80 | 35 | HRB 70 | 0.318 | 26.0 | 7.7 | 35 |
| 17-4PH Stainless | Precipitation-hardening stainless | 190 | 170 | HRC 40-44 (H900) | 0.280 | 28.5 | 6.0 | 45 |
| 4340 Steel | Premium low-alloy steel | 186 | 160 | HRC 38-42 (Q&T) | 0.284 | 29.0 | 6.8 | 50 |
| C110 Copper | Pure copper (>99.9%) | 32 | 10 | HRF 40 (annealed) | 0.323 | 17.0 | 9.4 | 20 |
| 17-7PH Stainless | Semi-austenitic PH stainless | 190 | 170 | HRC 40 (TH1050) | 0.282 | 29.0 | 5.6 | 35 |
| Ti-6Al-4V | α-β Titanium | 138 | 128 | HRC 36 | 0.160 | 16.5 | 4.8 | 22 |
| Engineering plastics · 3 | ||||||||
| Delrin / POM | Engineering thermoplastic | 10.1 | 10.1 | HRR 120 / Shore D 86 | 0.051 | 0.5 | 61.1 | 80 |
| Ultem (PEI) | Engineering thermoplastic (high-T amorphous) | 15.2 | 15.2 | HRM 109 / Shore D 90 | 0.046 | 0.5 | 28.9 | 70 |
| PEEK | High-performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic | 14.5 | 14.5 | HRM 99 / Shore D 87 | 0.048 | 0.5 | 26.1 | 65 |
Machinability is a relative machinability index (family-specific scales: steels vs AISI B1112 = 100; copper alloys vs C360 = 100; tool steels vs W1 = 100) — compare within a family only. UTS / yield are typical for the listed condition, except that the 304, 17-4PH and 17-7PH strengths and the Inconel 718 yield are specification minimums. CTE at ~20–100 °C. For composition, applicable specs, and per-alloy machining notes, see the fullmaterial datasheets.
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